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Disease Profile

Autosomal dominant Alport syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

0

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

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ICD-10

Q87.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Renal failure and sensorineural hearing loss; Alport syndrome dominant type

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases

Summary

Autosomal dominant Alport syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities. Most affected individuals experience progressive loss of kidney function, usually resulting in end-stage kidney disease. People with Alport syndrome frequently develop sensorineural hearing loss in late childhood or early adolescence. The eye abnormalities seen in this condition seldom lead to vision loss. Alport syndrome can have different patterns of inheritance. Alport syndrome has autosomal dominant inheritance in about 5 percent of cases. People with this form of Alport syndrome have one mutation in either the COL4A3 or COL4A4 gene in each cell.[1]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Diffuse glomerular basement membrane lamellation
0030034
Thin glomerular basement membrane
0012577
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Hypertension
0000822
Mesangial hypercellularity
0012574
Proteinuria
High urine protein levels
Protein in urine

[ more ]

0000093
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal corneal endothelium morphology
0011488
Anterior lenticonus
0011501
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
0000097
Glomerular C3 deposition
0012576
IgA deposition in the glomerulus
0000794
Microscopic hematuria
Small amount of blood in urine
0002907
Nephritis
Kidney inflammation
0000123
Nephrotic syndrome
0000100
Recurrent corneal erosions
Recurrent breakdown of clear protective layer of eye
0000495
Renal glomerular foam cells
0032583
Renal tubular atrophy
0000092
Retinal flecks
0012045
Sensorineural hearing impairment
0000407
Stage 5 chronic kidney disease
0003774
Thickened glomerular basement membrane
0004722
Thickening of glomerular capillary wall
0025005
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis
0005576
1%-4% of people have these symptoms
Aortic aneurysm
Bulge in wall of large artery that carries blood away from heart
0004942
Clitoral hypertrophy
Enlarged clitoris
0008665
Cough
Coughing
0012735
Diffuse leiomyomatosis
0006756
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
Dyspnea
Trouble breathing
0002094
Epigastric pain
0410019
Macular degeneration
0000608
Posterior subcapsular cataract
0007787
Recurrent bronchitis
0002837
Stridor
0010307
Vomiting
Throwing up
0002013
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Anterior polar cataract
0001134
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006
Azotemia
0002157
Glomerulonephritis
0000099
Hematuria
Blood in urine
0000790
Hypophosphatemia
Low blood phosphate level
0002148
Lenticonus
0001142
Myopia
Close sighted
Near sighted
Near sightedness
Nearsightedness

[ more ]

0000545
Nephrocalcinosis
Too much calcium deposited in kidneys
0000121
Progressive
Worsens with time
0003676
Renal insufficiency
Renal failure
Renal failure in adulthood

[ more ]

0000083

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Organizations Providing General Support

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

      • MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
      • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Autosomal dominant Alport syndrome. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
      • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

        In-Depth Information

        • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
        • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Autosomal dominant Alport syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

          References

          1. Alport syndrome. Genetics Home Reference. December 2013; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/alport-syndrome.